Key: 4.3 Disappearing languages

1. A dead language is one which is no longer spoken by any community. It may be spoken/understood by a few academics.

To die out = stop existing

2a. 1 c 2 c 3a

2b. 1. - People moving from rural to urban communities;
          - People moving because environments are destroyed;
          - Natural disasters;
          - Governments establishing “official languages”
      2. Because it’s part of human evolution and there are great benefits to people speaking one language
      3. Because we also lose ways of life, knowledge and identity
      4. a) Steve Sutherland: in the past 500 years, 4.5% of languages have died out;
          b) The Ethnologue: 417 languages are in the final stages of becoming extinct (dying out)
          c) Ani Rauhihi: language and identity are linked

3. 1. verb = disappear (are disappearing – line 5),
        phrasal verb = die out (have died out – line 10)
    2. extinction
    3. disappearance
    4. extinct
    5. devastate
    6. disastrous